5G spectrum range and allocation

5G spectrum allocation

The maximum carrier bandwidth for 5G will be 400MHz or even higher. Currently, frequency bandwidth is tight and 5G has to use high frequencies

for communication.

The 5G spectrum is broadly divided into two ranges

Frequency Classification Frequency Range

FR1 450MHz - 6000MHz

FR2 24250MHZ - 52600MHZ

FR1: sub6G band, also known as low frequency band, is the main frequency band of 5G, in which the frequency band below 3G is called sub3G, and the rest of the frequency band is c-band.

FR2: millimetre-wave, high-frequency band, is the extended frequency band of 5G, with abundant spectrum resources.

Key Technologies to Improve 5G Efficiency

Massive MIMO: Multi-antenna morphology for massive antenna arrays

A large-scale array antenna scheme that mainly achieves three-dimensional beam assignment and multi-user resource multiplexing to enhance 

coverage capability and system capacity.

Its main principle:

Using the principle of wave interference and superposition, the phase change of each antenna array is adjusted by weighting the signal so that the 

main flap is aligned with the user. A three-dimensional beam can be achieved when there are many arrays. In 5G, the broadcast channel adopts a 

narrow beam to transmit, so as to realise the configuration of the control channel and maintain the consistency of the service channel and the 

control channel.The narrower the beam, the longer the coverage distance.

Three-dimensional beam fouling, abbreviated as 3D BF, enhances user coverage. Due to the increase in the number of arrays in the vertical direction,

 the narrow wave with respect to the traditional BF beam can be adjusted both horizontally and vertically with the position of the ue (mobile phone 

mobile).

During the movement of ue, according to the change of the downlink broadcast beam, the 5G base station adjusts the uplink beam at the same 

time to achieve uplink beam tracking, which can effectively reduce the uplink and downlink interference.

The downlink is scheduled for user configuration through MU-BF, which improves frequency efficiency and cell capacity, and 8T8R () capacity is

 increased by 5-8 times.

With the addition of 256QAM modulation technology, 5G is compatible with LTE modulation, while introducing LTE's higher order modulation 

(the higher the order of modulation, the smaller the EVM, which represents the better quality of the signal.)

The current maximum efficiency modulation method supported by 5G is 256QAM, and subsequent versions may introduce 1024QAM to further improve spectral efficiency.

256QAM is a complementary modulation of apsk, 16qam and other modulation methods, used to enhance the bit rate of unlimited conditions 

better ue, its modulation of each symbol can be able to carry 8bit of character information, the theoretical peak spectral efficiency by 33%.

MCs Adaptive automatically adapts itself to the corresponding modulation order according to signal quality changes.

MCS Adaptive Gain:

When the downlink channel quality is good, the adaptive selection of the 256QAM order table supports the user to adopt the modulation of 256QAM, which improves the downlink spectral efficiency, and thus improves the downlink throughput of the near-point user.

The adaptive selection of the 64QAM order selection table when the downlink channel quality is poor ensures that the user can choose a more appropriate spectral efficiency when the signal-to-noise ratio (a measure of how good a channel is,) is low, improving the user's downlink throughput at the far end of the spectrum.

Encoding of embb scenarios as defined in 3GPP version r1:

ploar code, which controls the channel; polar code high reliability coding method without error code retransmission, while reducing the 

signal-to-noise ratio requirement in order to improve the coverage.

LDpc code, business channel.

F-odfm technology allows the base station to guarantee adjacent channel leakage ratios by optimising filters, digital pre-distortion, RF channels 

and other processing to effectively increase the spectrum utilisation of the system bandwidth and peak throughput when blocking RF protocol 

metrics.

Comparison of 5G NR and 4G LTE spectrum utilisation:

Compared to 4G's 90% spectrum utilisation, F-odfm can increase 5G utilisation to over 95%.